References

Abrahams J (2001), First prize: putting under stress, Golf Mag. 43(3): 94-96.

Abbruzzese G, Marchese R, Buccolieri1 V, Gasparetto B and Trompetto C (2001). Abnormalities of sensorimotor integration in focal dystonia - A transcranial magnetic stimulation study, Brain, 124(3): 537-545 (Abstract).

Adler CH (1999). Botulinum toxin treatment of movement disorders. In: Gilman S, Goldstein GW, Waxman SG, eds. Neurobase. (Book on CD-ROM). 3d ed. San Diego: Arbor Publishing.

Adler CH (2000). Strategies for controlling dystonia: Overview of therapies that may alleviate symptoms. Postgraduate Med 108(5).

American Psychiatric Assoc. (1994), Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders. Washington, DC: APA, 4th ed.

Andrews G, Crino R, Hunt C, Lampe L, and Page A (1994). The treatment of anxiety disorders. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Anthony M (2001). Eliminating the yips, Dec., www.asiapacificamateurgolfers.com.

Armour T (1967). The ABCs of golf. New York: Simon and Schuster.

AtNeurology (2001). Movement disorders resources.

Bara-Jimenez W, Shelton; P, Hallett M (2000). Spatial discrimination is abnormal in focal hand dystonia, Neurology 55(12):1869-73 (Abstract).

Barkow A, Barrett D, Earl D, Glenn R, and Seelig P (1998). 20th century golf chronicle. Lincolnwood, IL: Publications Int'l.

Blais J, Chapman ER, Link E et al. (1993). Botulinum neurotoxin A selectively cleaves the synaptic protien SNAP-25. Nature 1365: 160-163.

Boros J (1968). Three ways to banish your putting jitters, Golf Dig. 19(10): 27-29.

Burchiel KJ, (1995). Thalamotomy for movement disorders, Neurosurg Clin N Am 6:55-71.

Byl NN, McKenzie A, Nagarajan SS (2000). Differences in somatosensory hand organization in a healthy flutist and a flutist with focal hand dystonia: a case report, J Hand Therapy 13(4): 302-9 (Abstract).

Caviness JN (2000). Hyperkinetic movement disorders: A four-article symposium. Postgraduate Med 108(5).

Cohn PJ (2001). Tips for beating the yips, peaksports.com.

Coria F, Blanco Martin AI, Rivas Vilas MD (2000). Pseudodystonic hand posturing contralateral to a metastasis of the parietal association cortex, Neurologia 15(8): 362-5 (Abstract).

Crews, DJ (2001). Faculty page, Dept of Sports Exercise, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, ~crewsd/"asu.edu/~crewsd/.

Crews DJ, Landers DM (1993). Electroencephalographic measures of attentional patterns prior to the golf putt, Med Sci Sports Exercise 25: 116-26.

Davis M (1992). The role of the amygdala in fear and anxiety. Ann Rev Neurosci 15: 353-75.

Dictionary.com (2001). Jitterbug.

Dystonia Medical Research Foundation (2001), www.dystonia-foundation.org/.

Evidente VGH (2000). Understanding essential tremor: Differential diagnosis and options for treatment. Postgraduate Med 108(5).

Florida State University (2000). Motor Control and Learning, The Inverted-U Hypothesis (Yerkes-Dodson Law, 1908) (Java Applet).

Golf Digest (1973). The yips -- putter's enemy no. 1, in Golf Digest's Handbook of Putting (NY), 163-167.

Golf World (1949). Jitter-putt jive, Golf World July 13, 1949; 3(5): 1.

Google.com (2001). Search for "cricket yips", www.google.com.

Gray J, McNaughton N (2000). The neuropsychology of anxiety. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2nd ed., Oxford Psychology Series No. 33; Online appendices.

Hadley M (1996). Endocrinology. Upper Sadle River, NJ: Prentice Hall, 4th ed.

Hallett M (1998). The neurophysiology of dystonia, Arch Neurol 55(5): 601-3 (Abstract).

Happell C (2000). Saints get a bad case of the yips, Apr. 29, 2002, www.realfooty.com.au .

Hobson DE (2001), Botulinum treatment: A review of it's therapeutic role in movement disorders, Canadian Movement Disorder Grou, http://www.cmdg.org/medicati/botox.htm.

Hochberg FH, Harris SU, Blattert TR (1990). Occupational hand cramps: professional disorders of motor control, Hand Clin 6(3):417-28 (Abstract).

Ibanez V, Sadato N, Karp B, Deiber MP, Hallett M (1999). Deficient activation of the motor cortical network in patients with writer's cramp, Neurology 53(1): 96-105 (Abstract).

Jankovic J, Hallett M, eds. (1994). Therapy with botulinum toxin. New York: Marcel Dekker.

Kelly PJ (2001). Stereotactic thalamotomies, NYU Med School.

Leadbetter D, Huggan J. (1993). David Leadbetter's faults and fixes. NY: Harper and Row.

LeDoux J (1992). Emotion and the amygdala, in The amygdala: neurobiological aspects of emotion, memory and mental dysfunction (ed. J.P. Agglegton), pp. 339-51. NY: Wiley-Liss.

LeDoux J (1996). The emotional brain. NY: Simon and Schuster.

Leonard N (2000). Yips threaten Kournikova, www.e-sports.com.

Liepert J, Hallett M, Samii A, Oddo D, Celnik P, Cohen LG, Wassermann EM (2000). Motor cortex excitability in patients with cerebellar degeneration, Clin Neurophysiol 111(7):1157-64 (Abstract).

Linder D, Lutz R, Crews DJ et al. (1998). Who chokes and when? Situational and dispositional factors under pressure, in World Scientific Congress On Golf III, pp. 158-65. St. Andrews, Scotland.

Longhurst H. (1978). The yips - once you've had 'em, you've got 'em, in The best of Henry Longhurst. NY: Golf Digest Book.

Mayo Clinic (2000). Yips: more than a putting problem, www.mayo.edu.

Mayo Clinic (2001). Yips in golf, www.mayo.edu.

McAsey C (2002). Yips cost Dogs once again, Sun 12 May, 2002, http://afl.com.au.

McDaniel KD, Cummings JL, Shain S (1989). The 'yips': a focal dystonia of golfers. Neurology 39: 192-5.

McLean J, Pirozzolo F. (1994). The putter's pocket companion. NY: HarperCollins.

Moody O, Van Kampen K (1990). Putting: make short work of the long putter, Golf Dig. 32(8), 48-53.

Medline search (2001a). Focal hand dystonia, www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Medline search (2001b). Occupational dystonia, www3.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov.

Mempel E, Kucinski L, Witkiewicz B (1986). [Writer's cramp syndrome treated successfully by thalamotomy] [Article in Polish], Neurol Neurochir Pol 20(5): 475-80 (Abtracts).

Munchau A, Corna S, Gresty MA, Bhatia KP, Palmer JD, Dressler D, Quinn NP, Rothwell JC, Bronstein AM (2001). Abnormal interaction between vestibular and voluntary head control in patients with spasmodic torticollis, Brain 124(Pt 1): 47-59 (Abstract).

Nakashima K, Rothwell JC, Day BL, Thompson PD, Shannon K, Marsden CD (1989). Reciprocal inhibition between forearm muscles in patients with writer's cramp and other occupational cramps, symptomatic hemidystonia and hemiparesis due to stroke, Brain 112 ( Pt 3): 681-97 (Abstract).

Naumann M, Karlheinz R (19997). Long-latency reflexes of hand muscles in idiopathic focal dystonia and their modification by botulinum toxin, Brain 120: 409-16 (PDF Full Text reprint).

Oxford English Dictionary (1989). Yips, XX, p. 749. Oxford: Oxford Univ. Press, 2d ed.

Palmer A, Dobereiner P (1986). Arnold Palmer's complete book of putting. NY: Atheneum

Pelz D. (2000). Dave Pelz's putting bible. NY: Doubleday

Pelz D. (1986). Putt like the pros. NY: HarperCollins

Pinel JPJ (1997). Biopsychology. Boston: Allyn and Bacon, 3rd ed.

Poungvarin N, Devahastin V, Viriyavejakul A, (1995). Treatment of various movement disorders with botulinum A toxin injection: an experience of 900 patients, J Med Assoc Thailand 78(6): 281-8 (Abstract).

Reilly JA, Hallett M, Cohen LG, Tarkka IM, Dang N (1992), The N30 component of somatosensory evoked potentials in patients with dystonia, Electroencephalogr Clin Neurophysiol 84(3): 243-7 (Abstract).

Rotella B, Cullen B. (1995). Golf is not a game of perfect. NY: Simon & Schuster

Sachdev P (1992). Golfers' cramp: clinical characteristics and evidence against it being an anxiety disorder. Movement Disorder 7: 326-32

Schmidt RA (1991). Motor learning and performance. Champaign, IL: Human Kinetics Books

Schmidt, S (2001). Cognitive psychology: resource allocation, ~sschmidt/Cognitive/resource.html"www.mtsu.edu.

Scolding NJ, Smith SM, Sturman S, Brookes GB, Lees AJ (1995). Auctioneer's jaw: a case of occupational oromandibular hemidystonia, Mov Disord 10(4): 508-9 (Abstract).

Sheehy MP, Marsden CD (1982). Writers' cramp-a focal dystonia, Brain 105 (Pt 3): 461-80 (Abstract).

Shier D, Butler J, Lewis R, eds. (1999). Hole's human anatomy and physiology. Boston: McGraw-Hill, 9th ed. (Online).

Smith AM, Malo SA, Laskowski ER, Sabick M, Cooney III WP, et al. (2000). A multidisciplinary study of the yips phenomenon in golf: an exploratory analysis. Sports Medicine 30(6): 423-437 (Abstract) (PDF Full Text).

Stanford SC, Salmon P (1993). Stress: from synapse to syndrome. London: Academic Press

Taylor D (2000). Brawny Chelsea get the yips, Guardian, Sept 11,, 2000; http://football.guardian.co.uk.

Times (1963). London, June 10: 4, col. 2

Tinazzi M, Frasson E, Polo A, Tezzon F, Bovi P, Deotto L, Mauguiere F, Fiaschi A, Ferrari G (1999). Evidence for an abnormal cortical sensory processing in dystonia: selective enhancement of lower limb P37-N50 somatosensory evoked potential, Mov Disord 14(3): 473-80 (Abstract).

Toro C, Deuschl G, Hallett M (2000). Movement-related electroencephalographic desynchronization in patients with hand cramps: evidence for motor cortical involvement in focal dystonia, Ann Neurol 47(4): 456-61 (Abstract).

Uncini A, Di Muzio A, Thomas A, Lugaresi A, Gambi D (1994). Hand dystonia secondary to cervical demyelinating lesion, Acta Neurol Scand 90(1): 51-5 (Abstract).

University of California at Berkeley (2001). The Yerkes-Dodson Law (1908), ~sanjay/psych2/Lectures/37_optimal_functioning/sld003.htm"http://www.ocf.berkeley.edu.

Vardon H (1912). How to play golf. Philadelphia: G.W. Jacobs and Co.

Wake Forest Neurosurgery (2001). Essential tremor index, http://isnet.wfu.edu/surg-sci/ns/tremor.html

We Move (2001). http://www.wemove.org./.

West JB (1990). Best and Taylor's physiological basis of medical practice. Baltimore: Williams and Wilkins, 12th ed.

Xie J, McCobb DP (1998). Control of alternative splicing of potassium channels by stress hormones, Science 280(5362): 443, http://www.news.cornell.edu.